Heart disease-cardiovascular, cancer and obesity are the main causes of death and there are direct relationship between the consumption of high-fat foods and the incidence of these diseases. Therefore the demand for low-fat food products and probiotics has been dramatically increased. In this study, the effect of different levels of three hydrocolloids (inulin, chitosan and xanthan) at three levels (1, 2 and 3%) on survival of Lactobacillus acidophilus, physicochemical and sensory properties of yogurt during 15 days of storage was explored using a Combined design. Increased levels of inulin and chitosan positively affected La-5 count, apparent viscosity, acidity and sensory scores during storage. Using graphical method of optimizing (overlaid contour plots), optimum ratios were: inulin 93.4%, xanthan 0.6% and chitosan 6%.

Land surface temperature (LST) estimation is widely used in many applied and environmental studies such as agriculture, climate change, water resources, energy management, urban microclimate and environment. LST, which is the result of atmospheric-earth interaction, due to the sensitivity and influence of land surface conditions such as soil cover, soil moisture, albedo, surface roughness and the interaction of these factors with the atmosphere, can well determine changes in land surface temperature conditions. In the present study, Modis nighttime sensor products of both Terra and Aqua satellites (MOD11C3 & MYD11C3) from http: //reverb. echo. nasa. gov/reverb for LST estimation in the Jazmourian drainage basin (southeast of Iran), were used in the period 2013-2019. After providing the products with monthly and spatial time steps of 5 km, calculations on two matrices, One monthly with dimensions of 2784 x 204 (204 represents the number of observations in consecutive months of 17 years studied (17 x 12) and 2784 represents the number of gridded points (cells) in Jazmourian drainage basin area) and the other is a seasonal matrix with dimensions of 2784 x 68 (68 representing the number of observations in consecutive chapters (17 x 4) were performed. After performing the relevant statistical and spatial analyzes in Excel and GIS software environment, nighttime LST estimation was used. The results showed that the nighttime LST in the statistical period increased by about 1 degree Celsius and this increase was more in the minimum temperatures (cold period months of the year) than the maximum nighttime LST. According to the findings, the maximum nighttime LST has occurred in the low altitudes of the central and southern regions and the minimum LST has also occurred in the northern heights of the drainage basin. The seasonal spatial distribution of the Earth's nighttime LST indicates the distribution of nighttime LST in the range of-10 to +35°C in winter and summer, respectively. Extreme fluctuations in nighttime LST during the seasonal terrestrial surface well show the prominent role of altitudes and latitudes in the temperature distribution of the Jazmourian drainage basin. Also, the time analysis of the studied variable shows a positive trend of nighttime LST in all four seasons, among which the spring and winter seasons had a higher upward slope. In addition, spatial estimation of nighttime LST anomalies, while confirming its increasing trend, shows the maximum location of nighttime LST anomalies in the central and western parts and the minimum anomalies in the eastern parts and northern heights of the drainage basin. Also, the analysis of monthly anomalies of nighttime LST shows the maximum occurrence of positive anomalies with +0. 07°C in September 2016 and the minimum anomalies with-0. 01 °C. are in January 2008. In general, the values of the nighttime LST significantly increased from 2008 onwards, especially in the months related to the cold period of the year (with a greater increase in the minimum nighttime LST than the maximum nighttime LST). This indicates the nighttime LST trend of the cold period of the year towards a warmer pattern. These conditions can be considered as an indicator of climate change and lead to changes in some environmental parameters such as relative humidity, evapotranspiration, soil surface moisture, snow persistence, dew point temperature and nightly reflective energy. Considering the high capabilities of the Jazmourian drainage basin in agricultural products and also the capability of seasonal tourism in different areas of this drainage basin, the importance of investigating nighttime LST changes, in this regard, is undeniable. On the other hand, with the continuing increase of environmental sensitivities and the accelerating trend of continental climate in this drainage basin, it is suggested that in future research, while estimating other climatic variables, their correlations with LST are considered. This will provide more climate knowledge of the environmental changes that have occurred in this less studied drainage basin.

In this paper, a sensor network is used to estimate the dynamic states of a system. At each time step, one (or multiple) sensors are available that can send its measured data to a central node, in which all of processing is done. We want to provide an optimal algorithm for scheduling sensor selection at every time step. Our goal is to select the appropriate sensor to reduce computations, optimize the energy consumption and enhance the network lifetime. To achieve this goal, we must reduce the error covariance. Three algorithms are used in this work: sliding window, thresholding and randomly chosen algorithms. Moreover, we will offer a new algorithm based on circular selection. Finally, a novel algorithm for selecting multiple sensors is proposed. Performance of the proposed algorithms is illustrated with numerical examples.

To investigate the response of corn to Combined application of chemical fertilizers with rhizobacteria plant growth promoting, an experiment was conducted in 2017 at Research farm of Agricultural and Natural Resources Campus of Tehran University, Karaj, Iran, in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Four nutritional treatments including T1 (Control treatment without applying fertilizer), T2 (Just PGPRs), T3 (Use chemical fertilizers based on soil test) and T4 (T3 + PGPRs) were considered. According to the results, the highest total dry weight (3.9 kg/m2), crop growth rate (79.8 g.m-2.day-1), net assimilation rate (15.3 g.m-2.day-1) and grain yield (18.2 ton.ha-1) were observed in T4 treatment and T2 treatment produced the highest  leaf area index (5.3), leaf area duration (205.2) and specific leaf weight (78.5 g.m-2) . Also, the lowest value of all traits was observed in in T1 (control) treatment. The results showed that the presence of rhizobacteria plant growth promotioninduction in the corn nutrition program increased the growth and growth indices of the plant. Combined application of chemical fertilizers with rhizobacteria plant growth promoting resulted in the highest growth and final grain yield of corn.

Background: Early diagnosis of congenital anomalies and termination at early pregnancy can prevent the birth of these children. The Step-wise sequential test has the most sensitivity in this regard; but because of the religious and legal rules in our country (the abortion must be done before 17 weeks of gestation or 19 weeks of LMP), it is better to use a test that is performed in first trimester and has high sensitivity rate; so the use of invasive procedures become less. We aimed to estimate the diagnosis value of Combined test (free beta-hCG, nuchal translucency, and pregnancy-associated protein A) for trisomy 21 and 18 screening.Methods: In this cross sectional study, 380 pregnant women with the age of more than 35 years referred to Beheshti and Alzahra clinics (Isfahan, Iran) at the 9-14 weeks of gestation were enrolled. Combines test analysis was done with Alpha software and the sample population was divided to highand low-risk portions for trisomy 21 and 18. The high risks went on amniocentesis and the other group followed after birth for detecting if there were any signs of syndromes manifestation.Findings: For trisomy 21 (Down's syndrome), the sensitivity of Combined test was 100%, and the specificity was 96.4%, with a false positive rate of 3.5%. For trisomy 18, it was 75% for the sensitivity and 100% for the specificity, with a false positive rate of 0%.Conclusion: Regarding to high sensitivity and specificity of the Combined test in our population compared to other societies, we can use this test with more confidence. So, diagnosing the maternal anomalies in early first trimester could be done and we could terminate pregnancies with proven trisomy 21 and 18 legally.